バラメータ変数に関しては、こちら

#!/bin/bash

i=1
while [ -n "$1" ] # $1が空っぽならループ終了
do
    echo "Arg $i = $1"
    shift
    i=`expr $i + 1`
done

実行結果

$ ./arg.sh a b c d e f g h i j k
Arg 1 = a
Arg 2 = b
Arg 3 = c
Arg 4 = d
Arg 5 = e
Arg 6 = f
Arg 7 = g
Arg 8 = h
Arg 9 = i
Arg 10 = j
Arg 11 = k